Passage

Honeybees are among the most important insects in the world, because they pollinate a huge range of crops. When a bee visits a flower to collect nectar, pollen sticks to its body and is carried to the next flower, which allows plants to produce fruit and seeds. It has been estimated that around one third of the food people eat depends on pollination by bees and other insects. Without them, many fruit trees and vegetables would produce little or no crop, and the price of food would probably rise. A honeybee colony can contain tens of thousands of workers, a single queen, and a small number of male bees. The workers build the honeycomb, collect food, care for the young and protect the nest. The queen lays eggs, sometimes more than a thousand in a single day. Worker bees communicate by dancing: a bee that finds a good source of food performs a dance that tells other bees the direction and distance of the flowers. In recent decades, however, many countries have reported serious declines in bee numbers. Beekeepers have noticed that whole colonies sometimes die suddenly, a problem known as colony collapse disorder. Scientists have not found a single cause. Instead, they believe that several pressures act together: diseases and parasites that attack the bees, loss of wild flowers caused by modern farming, and pesticides used on crops. Another problem is the way bees are now managed. In many places, beekeepers move their hives long distances to follow the flowering season, and bees that are transported in this way may suffer from stress. Some large farms rely on a single type of crop, so bees have less variety in their diet. A bee colony that is already weak can be finished off by a cold winter. Efforts are being made to help bees recover. Some countries have banned the most harmful pesticides, while others now pay farmers to leave strips of wild flowers at the edges of their fields. Gardeners are encouraged to plant flowers that bloom at different times of the year, so that bees always have food. Scientists continue to study the diseases that affect bees, in the hope of finding treatments that can keep colonies healthy.

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